En una reciente sentencia el Tribunal Supremo señala que este tipo de gastos de atención a clientes o representación -comidas con futuros clientes, regalos a proveedores, entradas a espectáculos deportivos y culturales, estancias en hotel o spa- no pueden considerarse donativos ni liberalidades -como pretende Hacienda-, ya que tienen por objeto incrementar los resultados y hacer crecer el negocio, a través de la promoción y marketing y, en cualquier caso, son un plus para el negocio que generará beneficios, a veces inmediatos, si no medio o a largo plazo.
Lee más sobre esta sentencia a través de la noticia del digital crónica económica que te transcribimos a continuación:
El Supremo abre una vía para sumar deducciones en Sociedades
FUENTE: crónicaeconómica
La pandemia del coronavirus ha dejado en una situación económica crítica a un porcentaje elevado de autónomos y cerca de 225.000 siguen recibiendo algún tipo de ayuda, fundamentalmente la derivada de las exenciones en las cuotas.
Sin embargo, el Tribunal Supremo ha dado un alivio al colectivo, que desde ahora podrá desgravarse en el Impuesto de Sociedades los gastos de representación, que el Ministerio de Hacienda no consideraba deducibles ya que no estaban vinculados de forma directa al negocio y los ingresos. El Fisco se mostraba muy rígido a la hora de aplicar desgravaciones en el tributo, que debían estar claramente acreditadas. Sin embargo, el Supremo, con una sentencia que sienta jurisprudencia, va mucho más allá y acaba con un debate continuo, que finalmente perjudicaba a las pequeñas empresas y trabajadores por cuenta ajena, que en muchas ocasiones daban marcha atrás a estas iniciativas de márquetin y básicas para el desarrollo de su negocio -eventos, conferencias o reuniones- o asumían el coste de realizarlas conscientes que no podían llevarlas a la Agencia Tributaria para reducir su factura fiscal.
Según la ley vigente, «los gastos de atención a clientes o proveedores serán deducibles siempre que se encuentren documentados en facturas que cumplan los requisitos formales y que se justifiquen como necesarios para la actividad, hasta el límite del 1% de los ingresos anuales (para evitar el fraude)», un planteamiento que dejaba mucho margen a los responsables de Hacienda y que daba pie a criterios muy dispares, que en muchas ocasiones se derivaban a los tribunales. Ahora, el Alto Tribunal aclara que este tipo de gastos podrán desgravarse, aunque gracias a ellos no se consiga cerrar un acuerdo o negocio, como preveía la normativa como requisito. Los contactos con clientes y proveedores son un plus para el negocio que genera beneficios. Estas relaciones se podrán demostrar por un ‘email’ o ‘whatsapp’
La base de su sentencia, que tiene gran trascendencia, es que este tipo de gastos de atención a clientes o representación, entre los que se pueden comidas con futuros clientes, regalos a proveedores, entradas a espectáculos deportivos -fútbol, baloncesto, tenis…- y culturales -cine, teatro, circo…-, estancias en hoteles e incluso invitaciones a spa, no pueden ser considerados donativos ni liberalidades, ya que tienen el objeto de incrementar los resultados y hacer crecer el negocio a través de la promoción y márquetin. Lo que hace el Tribunal es dejar patente que estos contactos con clientes y empleados y los gastos que generan son un plus para el negocio que generará beneficios a medio y largo plazo, a veces inmediato. La factura de un buen restaurante con un cliente o una invitación al palco VIP de un equipo de fútbol trasciende más allá de la apariencia y estos detalles con los clientes tienen como consecuencia acuerdos y mayores ventas y, por tanto, mayores ingresos, por lo que deben ser deducibles.
Acreditar este resultado ante Hacienda no resultaba fácil hasta ahora, por lo que habitualmente estos gastos caían en el ‘saco’ de donativos y liberalidades no deducibles, pero ahora el contribuyente no deberá probar la relación con los ingresos de estos desembolsos que para algunas empresas básicos y sí, si lo reclama el Fisco, los vínculos con el agasajado mediante estas atenciones, a través de un correo electrónico, un mensaje de ‘whatsapp’ o una llamada. El fallo también explica lo que no es deducible. La sentencia considera, ante recurso de casación contencioso-administrativo de una empresa viguesa suministradora de materiales de construcción, que los gastos predeterminados a favor de los accionistas o los partícipes de la sociedad no son desgravables, «puesto que cuando el objetivo no se integra en la propia actividad empresarial de optimizar los resultados empresariales, sino en beneficio particular de los componentes de la sociedad, decae cualquier consideración de gasto deducible excluido de los donativos o liberalidades«. Los intereses de demora también son deducibles, ya que no tienen carácter punitivo. «Están conectados con el ejercicio de la actividad«, asegura el TS. El pasado febrero también el Alto Tribunal avalaba que los intereses de demora son deducibles, puesto que no tienen carácter punitivo o sancionador -una de las causas de exclusión, como los donativos-, ya que tienen un carácter resarcitorio -financiero. «No vemos que los intereses de demora no estén correlacionados con los ingresos; están conectados con el ejercicio de la actividad empresarial y, por tanto, serán deducibles«, sentenciaba en contra del criterio de Hacienda. Varios tribunales superiores de Justicia, entre ellos los de Castilla y León y el de Aragón, ya se habían manifestado en la línea del último fallo del Alto Tribunal sobre el asunto.
En este caso, el origen del conflicto estaba en una resolución del Tribunal Económico Administrativo Central (TEAC) en la que reconocía un cambio de criterio a partir de 2010 en relación con el que se venía manteniendo anteriormente -tanto por el propio TEAC como por la Dirección General de Tributos (DGT)-, lo que provocó que los órganos de la AEAT modificaran el criterio en sus actuaciones y consideraran dicho gasto como no deducible en el Impuesto de Sociedades. La Asociación Española de Asesores Fiscales (Aedaf) señalaba, a raíz de esta sentencia, que «la deducibilidad de los intereses de demora en los ejercicios en los que resulta de aplicación la vigente Ley 27/2014 no debería ser objeto de controversia por varios motivos: En primer lugar, porque existe doctrina de la DGT que ampara dicha deducibilidad y mientras esta no se modifique -por la propia DGT o por el TEAC- los órganos de la AEAT se encuentran vinculados a ella, por lo que dicho gasto no debería cuestionarse en el seno de un procedimiento. En segundo lugar, porque aún en el hipotético caso en que esto ocurriera y el TEAC tuviera que pronunciarse, el Supremo deja claro que los intereses de demora no pueden considerarse gastos de actuaciones contrarias al ordenamiento jurídico«.
FUENTE: crónicaeconómica
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