El Tribunal Supremo determina que el permiso por hospitalización finaliza con el alta médica, aunque no se hayan agotado el máximo de días fijados
Marco general del permiso por hospitalización
La Sala de lo Social del Tribunal Supremo (TS) ha establecido, mediante sentencia de 6 de mayo de 2025, que el permiso retribuido por hospitalización o enfermedad grave de familiares finaliza en el momento en que se emite el alta médica del paciente, aunque esta se produzca antes del límite de cinco días previsto en el convenio colectivo. Esta decisión responde a la necesidad de evitar usos indebidos del permiso, tales como emplearlo para fines personales una vez que el familiar ya ha superado la dolencia.
Diferencia entre alta hospitalaria y alta médica
Uno de los elementos clave abordados por el TS es la distinción entre alta hospitalaria y alta médica. La primera –alta hospitalaria– implica que el paciente ya no requiere estar ingresado en un centro hospitalario, si bien es posible que precise cuidados domiciliarios. En cambio, el alta médica supone que ha cesado la situación de enfermedad que justificaba el permiso, siendo por tanto el momento en que este debe darse por finalizado.
El TS subraya que, mientras persista la situación médica que requiere atención, el permiso puede disfrutarse de forma fraccionada, incluso en el domicilio del paciente, siempre que no se haya producido el alta médica.
Fundamento para la extinción del permiso
La sentencia insiste en que el permiso no puede mantenerse tras la curación del familiar, ya que en ese caso perdería su fundamento legal. “No tiene sentido que el cuidador siga disfrutando del permiso de cinco días mientras que el familiar se ha reincorporado al trabajo”, indica expresamente la Sala, rechazando de forma tajante el uso del permiso una vez que desaparece la necesidad de cuidado.
Esta interpretación evita que el derecho sea desvirtuado y asegura su vinculación con la finalidad para la que fue concebido: la atención a un familiar enfermo o hospitalizado, no el disfrute de tiempo libre no justificado.
Aplicación práctica del criterio jurisprudencial
El caso juzgado gira en torno a un convenio colectivo que otorga un permiso retribuido de cinco días en caso de hospitalización o enfermedad grave de parientes hasta el segundo grado de consanguinidad o afinidad, permitiendo su fraccionamiento. Sin embargo, se plantea la controversia de si puede disfrutarse íntegramente aunque el paciente haya recibido el alta médica antes de agotar los cinco días.
El TS aclara que el alta hospitalaria por sí sola no extingue el permiso, ya que el paciente puede seguir necesitando atención. Solo el alta médica, que certifica la curación, extingue el derecho al disfrute del permiso, aunque no hayan transcurrido los cinco días.
Consulta o descarga la sentencia aquí
Haz clic aquí para descargar la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 6 de mayo de 2025 reseñada en este artículo
En resumen…
La doctrina del Tribunal Supremo delimita de forma clara el alcance del permiso por hospitalización o enfermedad grave: este tiene como línea de finalización el alta médica, y no el agotamiento automático de cinco días. Se refuerza así la finalidad protectora del permiso y se evita su utilización fraudulenta.
Esta jurisprudencia debe ser tenida en cuenta por empresas y trabajadores en la interpretación de los convenios colectivos y el ejercicio de este derecho laboral.
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