¿Se puede durante la IT de enfermedad? Hasta dónde llega la protección del trabajador.

despido it por enfermedad

Una de las cosas más complicadas de los emprendedores es decidir el momento en que necesitamos contratar a alguien para que nos ayude con el negocio. Normalmente podemos con todo pero, en algunos casos, necesitamos a alguien que nos ayude con las responsabilidades del negocio. Contratar a alguien para que trabaje por cuenta ajena siempre supone un dilema. Una de las cuestiones que trataremos hoy serán los despidos durante las bajas por enfermedad.
Quizás te encuentres en una situación complicada en la que tienes un trabajador que abusa de las bajas por enfermedad. Tomar la decisión de prescindir de ese trabajador puede ser complicado si no conocemos cómo podemos hacerlo:
¿Se puede entregar la carta de despido a alguien que se encuentra de baja por incapacidad temporal (IT) de enfermedad?
Sí, se puede. Si eres empresario, puedes despedir a un trabajador que se encuentra de baja por IT de enfermedad, siempre y cuando el despido se encuentre dentro de las causas previstas por el Estatuto de los Trabajadores. El hecho de que un trabajador se encuentre en situación de IT de enfermedad, no es ninguna traba para rescindir el contrato entre el trabajador y la empresa y se comunique a dicho trabajador el despido y las causas en las que se ampara la extinción del contrato mediante la carta de despido.
Lo más importante es fundamentar de forma adecuada y correcta el despido en alguna de las causas previstas por la Ley, que deberán ser posteriormente acreditadas en caso de que el trabajador decida recurrir el despido.
Despido Nulo:
El Tribunal Supremo mantiene una postura firme sobre la no existencia de la nulidad del despido por el hecho de comunicar el despido mientras el trabajador se encuentra en situación de IT por enfermedad. Sólo podrá considerarse nulo cuando se den factores de discriminación o vulneración de derechos fundamentales, o bien se esté en algunas de las situaciones excepcionales que marca el Estatuto de los Trabajadores que son:
– Permiso de maternidad, lactancia o reducción de jornada por cuidado de hijos hasta que cumplan 12 años.
– Trabajadores que hayan reclamado sus derechos o se hayan quejado de alguna irregularidad por parte de la empresa como por ejemplo presentar una denuncia a Inspección de Trabajo. En estos casos, se puede entender que el despido como una represalia hacia el trabajador.
– Discriminación prevista legalmente en el Estatuto.

Las causas del despido:
Lo principal es determinar la causa real del despido del trabajador. La empresa debe alegar como mínimo las causas previstas por la Ley (causas objetivas del despido o del despido disciplinario). Sin embargo es recomendable intentar justificar al máximo la causa, para evitar la posible opción de intentar de equiparar el despido sin causa con despido nulo. La baja por enfermedad no es un impedimento para el despido pero sí lo serán las causas que puedan determinar el despido tanto procedente, improcedente o nulo, según lo que se alegue como causa del despido.
Indemnizaciones:
Las indemnizaciones varían dependiendo del tipo de despido por el que se haya optado. También influye la declaración que pueda hacerse del despido (procedente, improcedente o nulo). Si no se tiene un motivo real para despedir al trabajador, la empresa tendrá que elaborar el despido en base a una determinada causa, que en caso de que no se pueda acreditar será considerado como despido improcedente. Si se declara el despido improcedente, se deberá abonar una indemnización equivalente a 33 días de salario por año de servicio, sacando el porcentaje por meses en los caso que los periodos de tiempo sean inferiores a un año. El máximo se encuentra en 24 mensualidades para los contratos a partir del 12/02/2012.
La baja por IT de enfermedad no es un obstáculo para el despido siempre que la empresa pueda alegar alguna de las causas previstas en el Estatuto de los Trabajadores y ajustarla al máximo a la realidad que motiva el despido.

Recuerda que en Moya&Emery nos dedicamos al asesoramiento integral de empresas. Si necesitas que te asesoremos sobre los despidos durante la baja por IT de enfermdad, no dudes en ponerte en contacto con nosotros en el 971 72 80 10. También puedes venir a vernos a nuestras oficinas en Mallorca.

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